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Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... move to sidebar hide. Help. Redox — a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are ...
Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE).This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O).
First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement reaction. [2] It has become a classic reaction in organic synthesis and has been reviewed many times before. [3] [4] [5] It can be viewed as an intramolecular redox reaction, as one carbon center is oxidized while the other is reduced. Scheme 1.
For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase: A – + B → A + B – In this example, A is the reductant (electron donor) and B is the oxidant (electron acceptor). In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis:
Allylic oxidation can be predicted by the substitution pattern on the olefin. In the case of 1,2-disubstituted olefins, reaction rates follow CH > CH 2 > CH 3: Geminally-substituted olefins react in the same order of reaction rates as above: [2] Trisubstituted alkenes experience reactivity at the more substituted end of the double bond.
Cytochrome function is linked to the reversible redox change from ferrous (Fe(II)) to the ferric (Fe(III)) oxidation state of the iron found in the heme core. [2] In addition to the classification by the IUBMB into four cytochrome classes, several additional classifications such as cytochrome o [ 3 ] and cytochrome P450 can be found in ...
The Criegee oxidation is a glycol cleavage reaction in which vicinal diols are oxidized to form ketones and aldehydes using lead tetraacetate. It is analogous to the use of periodate (Malaprade reaction) but uses a milder oxidant. This oxidation was discovered by Rudolf Criegee and coworkers and first reported in 1931 using ethylene glycol as ...
Chemical chameleon reaction The chemical chameleon is a redox reaction , well known from classroom demonstrations, that exploits the dramatic color changes associated with the various oxidation states of manganese .