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Those with a personal or family history of blood clotting disorders are advised to avoid strontium. [98] [99] Strontium has been shown to inhibit sensory irritation when applied topically to the skin. [100] [101] Topically applied, strontium has been shown to accelerate the recovery rate of the epidermal permeability barrier (skin barrier). [102]
Strontium is the second element placed in the 5th period. It is an alkaline earth metal , a relatively reactive group, although not nearly as reactive as the alkali metals . Like rubidium, it has 5 electron shells or energy levels , and in accordance with the Madelung rule it has two electrons in its 5s subshell .
A chart or table of nuclides maps the nuclear, or radioactive, behavior of nuclides, as it distinguishes the isotopes of an element.It contrasts with a periodic table, which only maps their chemical behavior, since isotopes (nuclides that are variants of the same element) do not differ chemically to any significant degree, with the exception of hydrogen.
An even number of protons or neutrons is more stable (higher binding energy) because of pairing effects, so even–even nuclides are much more stable than odd–odd. One effect is that there are few stable odd–odd nuclides: in fact only five are stable, with another four having half-lives longer than a billion years.
The alkaline earth metal strontium (38 Sr) has four stable, naturally occurring isotopes: 84 Sr (0.56%), 86 Sr (9.86%), 87 Sr (7.0%) and 88 Sr (82.58%). Its standard atomic weight is 87.62(1). Only 87 Sr is radiogenic ; it is produced by decay from the radioactive alkali metal 87 Rb , which has a half-life of 4.88 × 10 10 years (i.e. more than ...
All elements have multiple isotopes, variants with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes: all of its atoms have six protons and most have six neutrons as well, but about one per cent have seven neutrons, and a very small fraction have eight neutrons. Isotopes are ...
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, that has no electric charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons behave similarly within the nucleus, they are both referred to as nucleons. Nucleons have a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit, or dalton (symbol: Da).