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A physician may diagnose an inguinal hernia, as well as the type, from medical history and physical examination. [20] For confirmation or in uncertain cases, medical ultrasonography is the first choice of imaging, because it can both detect the hernia and evaluate its changes with for example pressure, standing and Valsalva maneuver .
Cul-de-sac hernias are the most difficult to diagnose during physical examination, and to distinguish from anterior rectocele or enterocele. [2] Furthermore, rectocele and cul-de-sac hernia may occur together. [3] Combined vaginal and rectal digital palpation may be used (examiner's thumb in vagina, index finger in anal canal). [11]
An indirect inguinal hernia and a direct inguinal hernia can be distinguished by their positioning in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels. An indirect hernia is situated laterally to these vessels, whereas a direct hernia is positioned medially to them. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia in both men and women.
Groin hernias account for almost 75% of all abdominal wall hernias with the lifetime risk of an inguinal hernia in men and women being 27% and 3% respectively. Men account for nearly 90% of all repairs performed and have a bimodal incidence of inguinal hernias peaking at 1 year of age and again in those over the age of 40. Although women ...
In medicine, Carnett's sign is a finding on clinical examination in which abdominal pain remains unchanged or increases when the muscles of the abdominal wall are tensed. [1] [2] For this part of the abdominal examination, the patient can be asked to lift the head and shoulders from the examination table to tense the abdominal muscles.
Amyand's hernia is a rare form of an inguinal hernia (less than 1% of inguinal hernias) [2] which occurs when the appendix is included in the hernial sac and becomes incarcerated. The condition is an eponymous disease named after a French surgeon , Claudius Amyand (1660–1740), [ 3 ] who performed the first successful appendectomy in 1735.
During the physical examination, the doctor will examine the genitals, including the penis and testicles. The doctor may ask the teenager to cough while examining the scrotum. Although this can be embarrassing for an adolescent male, it is necessary to help evaluate the presence of inguinal hernias or tumors. [50]
ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally) Frank's sign: Sanders T. Frank: cardiology: ischaemic heart disease: ear crease indicating risk of heart disease (disputed) Friedreich's sign: Nikolaus Friedreich: cardiology: constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency: collapse of distended neck veins in diastole Froment ...
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