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A true fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by ice segregation and abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. [6] According to the standard model, glaciers formed in pre-glacial valleys with a gently sloping valley floor. The work of the glacier then left an overdeepened U-shaped valley that ends abruptly at a valley or trough end ...
Although fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a glacially-formed topography, they still differ in some key ways: Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels. Fjards are glacial depressions or valleys that have much lower reliefs than fjords.
Fiordland's landscape is characterised by deep fiords along the coast.....and U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers. Fiordland (Māori: Te Rua-o-te-Moko, "The Pit of Tattooing", [1] [2] and also translated as "the Shadowlands"), is a non-administrative geographical region of New Zealand in the south-western corner of the South Island, comprising the western third of Southland.
Coniston Water illustrates a typical fjord lake profile with length exceeding width by a factor of 10.. Some freshwater lakes which have formed in long glacially-carved valleys with extensive overdeepening and often with terminal moraines blocking the outlet are called fjords or "fjord lakes" (which follows the Norwegian fjord-naming convention). [3]
Fjords are particularly common on the coast of Norway. [6] [7] [8] Firths are similar to fjords, but are generally shallower with broader bays in which small islands may be found. [9] The glaciers that formed them influenced the land over a wider area and scraped away larger areas. [10] Firths are to be found on the Scottish coast. [11]
The Scandinavian Peninsula occupies part of the Baltic Shield, a stable and large crust segment formed of very old, crystalline metamorphic rocks. Most of the soil covering this substrate was scraped by glaciers during the Ice Ages of antiquity, especially in northern Scandinavia, where the Baltic Shield is closest to the surface of the land.
The Norwegian landscape was formed by glaciers that eroded the basement rock and formed countless valleys and fjords, as well as the characteristic skerries that protect the land from the ocean along most of the mainland coastline.
There are large, wide fjords running in a north–south direction. This coast lacks the small islands, or skerries, typical of the Norwegian coast. Furthest to the east, the Varangerfjord runs in an east–west direction and is the only large fjord in the country whose mouth is to the east.