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Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [1] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response ( miosis ), [ 2 ] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates / opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
The fixation reflex is that concerned with attracting the eye on a peripheral object. For example, when a light shines in the periphery, the eyes shift gaze on it. For example, when a light shines in the periphery, the eyes shift gaze on it.
[clarification needed] The fixation sites are located in the midperiphery of the iris, which is immobile during pupillary movement. The original biconvex lens design was modified into a convex-concave design, [ 1 ] and manufactured as Artisan/Verisyse lens and later the foldable model (Artiflex), a three-piece lens with silicone optic and PMMA ...
The pupillary dilator muscle increases the pupillary diameter and it is arranged radially, but the pupillary sphincter muscle is responsible for the constriction of the pupil's diameter and it encircles the pupil. [2] The pupillary dilation is also called mydriasis, and the constriction of the pupil is also called miosis. [1]
The pupillary reflex results in the pupil constricting (left) and dilating (right) These include the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex . Although the pupillary response , in which the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.
Fixation or visual fixation is the maintaining of the gaze on a single location. An animal can exhibit visual fixation if it possess a fovea in the anatomy of their eye. The fovea is typically located at the center of the retina and is the point of clearest vision. The species in which fixational eye movement has been verified thus far include ...
It may be helpful to consider the Pupillary reflex as an 'Iris' reflex, as the iris sphincter and dilator muscles are what can be seen responding to ambient light. [2] Whereas, the pupil is the passive opening formed by the active iris. Pupillary reflex is synonymous with pupillary response, which may be pupillary constriction or dilation.