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Fowler's model has inspired a considerable body of empirical research into faith development, although little of such research was ever conducted by Fowler himself. A useful tool here has been Gary Leak's Faith Development Scale, or FDS, which has been subject to factor analysis by Leak. [9] For criticism see Developmental approaches to religion.
The best-known stage model of spiritual or religious development is that of James W. Fowler, a developmental psychologist at the Candler School of Theology, in his Stages of Faith. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] He follows Piaget and Kohlberg and has proposed a holistic staged development of faith (or spiritual development) across the lifespan.
This model has a broad resonance with many Eastern models of spiritual development, particularly those found in the Hindu and Buddhist tantric traditions. They also find rough correlations with the concepts of the great chain of being and Aurobindo's elaboration of the five sheaths or koshas in Hindu thought. [11]
His cross-cultural study of faith development, as conceptualized by James Fowler, focused on the faith of Jewish non-theists in Israel and the United States, discovering tentative support for the legitimacy of Fowler's faith development model, and establishing that the construct validity of Fowler's model and measure was adequate for research ...
Some research indicates that parents can have a strong effect on religious development in children and adolescents, as they tend to adopt the religion that is practiced during their upbringing. [5] [6] [7] The relationship between parents and their children however can change this. If there is a positive relationship between the parents and ...
The development of the human mind is complex and a debated subject, and may take place in a continuous or discontinuous fashion. [4] Continuous development, like the height of a child, is measurable and quantitative, while discontinuous development is qualitative, like hair or skin color, where those traits fall only under a few specific phenotypes. [5]
The Faith Development Scale was first described by Gary Leak and his colleagues, in "The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion" for 1999. I have added a reference to a more recent publication by Leak to the article. However, in view of the title of this article, I still feel that this article is too heavily based on Fowler's work.
Transpersonal psychology focuses on exploring spiritual experiences, mystical states, self-transcendence, and the holistic development of human potential. An interest group was later re-formed as the Transpersonal Psychology Interest Group (TPIG), which continued to promote transpersonal issues in collaboration with Division 32. [6]