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An electrostatic generator, or electrostatic machine, is an electrical generator that produces static electricity, or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current. The knowledge of static electricity dates back to the earliest civilizations, but for millennia it remained merely an interesting and mystifying phenomenon , without a ...
The Kelvin water dropper, invented by Scottish scientist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1867, [1] is a type of electrostatic generator. Kelvin referred to the device as his water-dropping condenser. The apparatus is variously called the Kelvin hydroelectric generator, the Kelvin electrostatic generator, or Lord Kelvin's thunderstorm.
Van Marum's electrostatic generator in the Teylers Museum instrument room. The wooden table and supports were designed to match the Oval Room where it was initially kept until the mid 19th century. In the second cabinet in the same room are various portable electrostatic generators, each built according to a different design.
Francis Hauksbee developed a more advanced electrostatic generator around 1704 using a glass bulb that had a vacuum. He later replaced the globe with a glass tube of about 2.5 feet (0.76 m) emptied of air. [1] The glass tube was a less effective static generator than the globe, but it became more popular because it was easier to use. [2]
The concept of an electrostatic generator in which charge is mechanically transported in small amounts into the interior of a high-voltage electrode originated with the Kelvin water dropper, invented in 1867 by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), [3] in which charged drops of water fall into a bucket with the same polarity charge, adding to the charge. [4]
An important step was around 1663 when Otto von Guericke invented [20] a machine that could automate triboelectric charge generation, making it much easier to produce more tribocharge; other electrostatic generators followed. [16] For instance, shown in the Figure is an electrostatic generator built by Francis Hauksbee the Younger.
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An electrostatic particle accelerator is a particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated to a high energy by a static high voltage potential. This contrasts with the other major category of particle accelerator, oscillating field particle accelerators , in which the particles are accelerated by oscillating electric fields.