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Share of the population without access to an improved water source, 2020. Global access to clean water is a significant global challenge that affects the health, well-being, and development of people worldwide. While progress has been made in recent years, millions of people still lack access to safe and clean drinking water sources.
The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF has defined improved sanitation as follows: flush toilet, [4] connection to a piped sewer system, connection to a septic system, flush/pour-flush to a pit latrine, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet and/or some special ...
The amount of drinking water required to maintain good health varies, and depends on physical activity level, age, health-related issues, and environmental conditions. [1] [2] For those who work in a hot climate, up to 16 litres (4.2 US gal) a day may be required. [1] About 1 to 2 billion people lack safe drinking water. [3]
Quality of water considers whether water is safe for consumption, including for drinking or other activities. [12] For acceptability of water, it must not have any odor and should not consist of any color. [1] The ICESCR requires signatory countries to progressively achieve and respect all human rights, including those of water and sanitation. [11]
Two exceptions are the European Drinking Water Directive and the Safe Drinking Water Act in the United States, [5] which require legal compliance with specific standards. In Europe, this includes a requirement for member states to enact appropriate local legislation to mandate the directive in each country.
[57] 21% of countries' diseases are related to water. [58] In 2008, 88% of the population had access and was using improved drinking water sources. [59] However, "Improved drinking water source" is an ambiguous term, ranging in meaning from fully treated and 24-hour availability to merely being piped through the city and sporadically available ...
This target has one indicator: Indicator 6.1.1 is the "Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services". [11] The definition of "safely managed drinking water service" is: "Drinking water from an improved water source that is located on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority chemical contamination."
In sub-Saharan Africa access to water supply and sanitation has improved, but the region lags behind all other developing regions: access to safe drinking water had increased from 49% in 1990 to 60% in 2008, while in the same time span access to improved sanitation had only risen from 28% to 31%.