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The Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF) was an international peacekeeping force created in August 1982 following a 1981 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel [3] to end their involvement in the conflict between Lebanon's pro-government and pro-Syrian factions.
The PLO had entrenched itself in Lebanon since 1971 and, by 1982, had over 10,000 fighters stationed in the country, particularly in and around West Beirut. As Israeli forces surrounded the city in June 1982, a humanitarian crisis loomed for both the Lebanese civilian population and the Palestinian refugees living in the area.
The 1982 Lebanon War, also called the Second Israeli invasion of Lebanon, [22] [23] [24] began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon.The invasion followed a series of attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the Israeli military, which had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.
6 June 1982 – Israel undertakes military action in Southern Lebanon: Operation "Peace for Galilee." 23 August 1982 – Bachir Gemayel is elected to be Lebanon's president. 25 August 1982 – A MNF of approximately 400 French, 800 Italian soldiers and 800 marines of the 32nd Marine Amphibious Unit (MAU) are deployed in Beirut as part of a peacekeeping force to oversee the evacuation of ...
Israeli troops in the Lebanese port city of Sidon, August 1982. The 1982 Lebanon war began on 6 June 1982, [48] when Israel invaded again for the purpose of attacking the Palestine Liberation Organization. The Israeli army laid siege to Beirut. During the conflict, according to Lebanese sources, between 15,000 and 20,000 people were killed ...
On 23 August 1982, Bachir Gemayel, leader of the right-wing Lebanese Forces, was elected President of Lebanon by the National Assembly. Israel had relied on Gemayel and his forces as a counterbalance to the PLO , and as a result, ties between Israel and Maronite groups, from which hailed many of the supporters of the Lebanese Forces, had grown ...
The ring around Beirut was closed by 13 June 1982, 7 days after the start of Israeli invasion to Lebanon. PLO and part of Syrian forces were isolated in the city. Israel hoped to complete the siege as quickly as possible; their goal all along in invading Lebanon was for a quick and decisive victory.
But, despite the US–PLO dialogue, the Pollard spy case, and the Israeli rejection of the Shultz peace initiative in the spring of 1988, pro-Israeli organizations in the United States characterized the Reagan administration (and the 100th Congress) as the "most pro-Israel ever", and praised the positive overall tone of bilateral relations.