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The clinical practice of behavioral sleep medicine applies behavioral and psychological treatment strategies to sleep disorders. [3] [12] BSM specialists provide clinical services including assessment and treatment of sleep disorders and co-occurring psychological symptoms and disorders, often in conjunction with pharmacotherapy and medical devices that may be prescribed by medical professionals.
Complaints of non-restorative sleep without troubles of initiating or maintaining sleep are excluded. These difficulties are not primarily caused by a circadian rhythm disorder. In the case of a circadian rhythm disorder treatments such as phototherapy or chronobiologic interventions might be more suitable. However many primary insomnia ...
Complex or multicomponent interventions use multiple strategies, [5] and they often involve the participation of several types of care providers. [6] Non-pharmacological interventions can call on various fields of expertise, such as surgery, medical devices, rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and behavioral interventions. [6]
Chemical structure of the prototypical Z-drug zolpidem. Nonbenzodiazepines (/ ˌ n ɒ n ˌ b ɛ n z oʊ d aɪ ˈ æ z ɪ p iː n,-ˈ eɪ-/ [1] [2]), sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia [3 ...
Substance use: many studies demonstrate that medication is most effective when combined with behavioral intervention [8] Hypertension: deliberate attempts to reduce stress can also reduce high blood pressure; Insomnia: cognitive and behavioural interventions are recommended as a first line treatment for insomnia [9]
Insomnia disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms. Insomnia can also be comorbid with or secondary to other disorders. Kleine–Levin syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes. [84]
Case studies have shown that pharmacological interventions can improve symptoms of parasomnia, however mostly they are accompanied by side-effects. [ 22 ] [ 44 ] Behavioral treatments, i.e., relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnosis, and stress reduction, may also be helpful, but are not considered as universally effective.
Insomnia: Insomnia is defined as the subjective perception of difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep, and that results in some form of daytime impairment. [4] Adjustment sleep disorder (acute insomnia) 307.41 F 51.02 Psychophysiological insomnia 307.42 F 51.04