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DVB-Flexible Serially Concatenated Convolutional Turbo Codes with Near-Shannon bound performance for telemetry applications, CCSDS-131.2-O-1. Xiang, Xingyu; Valenti, Matthew C (2012-10-17). "Closing the Gap to the Capacity of APSK: Constellation Shaping and Degree Distributions".
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The modulation is accomplished by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time.
Spectrogram of a PSK63 transmission on the 20-meter band, surrounded by PSK31 transmissions. PSK63 (meaning Phase Shift Keying at a rate of 63 baud) is a digital radio modulation mode used primarily in the amateur radio field to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard informal text chat between amateur radio operators.
There are several different line codes designed to be polarity insensitive [1] - whether the data stream is inverted or not, the decoded data will always be correct. The line codes with this property include differential Manchester encoding , bipolar encoding , NRZI , biphase mark code , coded mark inversion , and MLT-3 encoding .
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14.07 MHz. The green lines indicate a station that is transmitting. PSK31 or "Phase Shift Keying, 31 Baud", also BPSK31 and QPSK31, is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode, used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat, most often using frequencies in the high ...
When several separate paths from transmitter to receiver exist, a condition known as multipath, they almost never have exactly the same length so they almost never exhibit the same propagation delay.
A waterfall display showing FT8 in use on the 40-meter band.. FT8 (short for Franke-Taylor design, 8-FSK modulation) is a frequency shift keying digital mode of radio communication used by amateur radio operators worldwide.
WSJT-X is a computer program used for weak-signal radio communication between amateur radio operators.The program was initially written by Joe Taylor, K1JT, but is now open source and is developed by a small team.