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The film manages to convey the loneliness and competitiveness of scientific research but also educates the viewer about how DNA's structure was discovered. It explores the tension between the patient, dedicated laboratory work of Franklin and the sometimes uninformed intuitive leaps of Watson and Crick, against a background of institutional ...
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
This RNA is complementary to the template 3′ → 5′ DNA strand, [1] with the exception that thymines (T) are replaced with uracils (U) in the RNA and possible errors. In bacteria, transcription is carried out by a single type of RNA polymerase, which needs to bind a DNA sequence called a Pribnow box with the help of the sigma factor protein ...
A DNA sequence is called a "sense" sequence if it is the same as that of a messenger RNA copy that is translated into protein. [37] The sequence on the opposite strand is called the "antisense" sequence.
While the sugar-phosphate "backbone" of DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose instead. [6] Ribose has a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position, whereas deoxyribose does not. The hydroxyl groups in the ribose backbone make RNA more chemically labile than DNA by lowering the activation energy of hydrolysis.
Nucleic acid NMR is the use of NMR spectroscopy to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA or RNA. As of 2003, nearly half of all known RNA structures had been determined by NMR spectroscopy. [2] Nucleic acid NMR uses similar techniques as protein NMR, but has several differences.
This displaced, single-stranded copy is a mixture of target RNA and primers. The primers are designed to have a sequence that binds to the sequence itself, forming a loop. The BIP primer binds to the other end of this single strand and is used by the Bst DNA polymerase to build a complementary strand, making double-strand DNA.
RNA Isolation: RNA is isolated from tissue and mixed with Deoxyribonuclease (DNase). DNase reduces the amount of genomic DNA. The amount of RNA degradation is checked with gel and capillary electrophoresis and is used to assign an RNA integrity number to the sample. This RNA quality and the total amount of starting RNA are taken into ...