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Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, that's defined by clinical symptoms like a productive cough for at least 3 weeks per year for at least 2 years. This video discusses the pathophysiology, clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment of chronic bronchitis.
When chronic bronchitis occurs together with decreased airflow it is known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [27] [26] Many people with chronic bronchitis have COPD; however, most people with COPD do not also have chronic bronchitis. [10] [28] Estimates of the number of people with COPD who have chronic bronchitis are 7–40%.
The most common symptom of eosinophilic bronchitis is a chronic dry cough lasting more than 6–8 weeks. [3] Eosinophilic bronchitis is also defined by the increased number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the sputum compared to that of healthy people. [2]
Bronchodilators may be originating naturally within the body, or they may be medications administered for the treatment of breathing difficulties, usually in the form of inhalers. They are most useful in obstructive lung diseases , of which asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most common conditions.
First-line treatment is cefuroxime or co-amoxiclav. [7] Third-line treatment, as well as treatment in penicillin-allergic patients, is a fluoroquinolone such as ciprofloxacin. [7] An agent active against Streptococcus pneumoniae may have to be added. [7] Corticosteroids such as prednisolone reduce inflammation in the airways. [17]
[9] [12] Beta2 agonists are sometimes used to relieve the cough associated with acute bronchitis. In a recent systematic review it was found there was no evidence to support their use. [7] Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are frequently due to non-infective causes along with viral ones.
Clenbuterol is approved for use in some countries as a bronchodilator for asthma. [medical citation needed]Clenbuterol is a β 2 agonist with some structural and pharmacological similarities to epinephrine and salbutamol, but its effects are more potent and longer-lasting as a stimulant and thermogenic drug.
Carbocisteine, also called carbocysteine, is a mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of sputum and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up sputum more easily.