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A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
An IBM 80-column punched card of the type most widely used in the 20th century IBM 1442 card reader/punch for 80 column cards. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards.
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Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines. Punched cards were widely used in the 20th century, where unit record machines, organized into data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage. [3] [4] The IBM 12-row/80-column punched card format came to dominate the industry.
Columns on different punch cards vary from 5 to 12 punch positions. The method used to store data on punched cards is vendor specific. In general each column represents a single digit, letter or special character. Sequential card columns allocated for a specific use, such as names, addresses, multi-digit numbers, etc., are known as a field.
The IBM 519 Document-Originating Machine, introduced in 1946, was the last in a series of unit record machines designed for automated preparation of punched cards. Others in the series included the IBM 513 & IBM 514 Reproducing Punch. The 519, which was "state of the art for the time", [1] could: reproduce all or parts of the information on a ...
Cards are read and punched one column at a time and binary cards are permitted. Cards are read using photocells, [8] illuminated by fiber optics, unlike the IBM 1402, which uses wire brushes to read cards. It is even possible to create (but not read, except in Binary Mode [9]) "IBM Doilies," cards with every possible hole punched. Few other ...
This category contains articles about punched cards and card handling equipment, including card readers, card punches, and keypunches. Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.