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The Arapaho (/ ə ˈ r æ p ə h oʊ / ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota. By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and ...
Indian Peace Commissioners and an unidentified Indigenous woman, from left to right, Terry, Harney, Sherman, Taylor, Tappan, and Augur. The Indian Peace Commission (also the Sherman, [1]: 755 Taylor, [2]: 110 or Great Peace Commission [3]: 47 ) was a group formed by an act of Congress on July 20, 1867 "to establish peace with certain hostile Indian tribes."
The name Arapaho originates in the Pawnee term tirapihu (or larapihu), meaning, "He buys or trades", probably due to their being the dominant trading group in the Great Plains region. The Arapaho call themselves Inun-ina meaning "our people" or "people of our own kind." The Arapaho are one of the westernmost tribes of the Algonquian language ...
Little Owl (Arapaho: Beah-at-sah-ah-tch-che) was a Northern Arapaho chief who signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851). [1] Disturbed by the ways in which the United States government neglected to honor their promises made in the treaty, Little Owl refused to participate in discussion and signing of the Fort Wise Treaty.
Although the Arapaho had assisted the Cheyenne and Lakota in driving the Kiowa south from the Northern Plains, in 1840 they made peace with the tribe. They became prosperous traders, until the expansion of American settlers onto their lands after the Civil War. [4] The Cheyenne and Arapaho formed an alliance in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Little Raven, also known as Hosa (Young Crow), (born c. 1810 — died 1889) was from about 1855 until his death in 1889 a principal chief of the Southern Arapaho Indians. He negotiated peace between the Southern Arapaho and Cheyenne and the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache. He also secured rights to the Cheyenne-Arapaho Reservation in Indian ...
On February 18, 1861, six chiefs of the Southern Cheyenne and four of the Arapaho signed the Treaty of Fort Wise with the United States, [5] at Bent's New Fort at Big Timbers near what is now Lamar, Colorado, recently leased by the U.S. Government and renamed Fort Wise, in which they ceded to the United States most of the lands designated to them by the Fort Laramie treaty. [2]
In 1865 at the Battle of the Tongue River soldiers attacked Northern Arapaho leader Black Bear's camp of 500 people and killed 35 warriors. Following this, the Arapaho grew increasingly unable to raise large war parties of their own. By the late 1860s, alliance and negotiation, rather than armed resistance, became the path for the Arapaho.