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Another important site of histamine storage and release is the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell of the stomach. The most important pathophysiologic mechanism of mast cell and basophil histamine release is immunologic. These cells, if sensitized by IgE antibodies attached to their membranes, degranulate when exposed to the appropriate antigen.
Histamine is an organic compound that primarily functions in service of the human body's immune responses as well as for the regulation of many physiological functions. [1] Since their discovery in 1910, [ 2 ] histamines have been known to trigger inflammatory responses such as itching as part of an immune response to foreign pathogens; for ...
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte [1]) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.
[18] [19] H 3 controls histamine turnover by feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release. [20] Finally, H 4 plays roles in mast cell chemotaxis and cytokine production. [17] In humans, HDC is primarily expressed in mast cells and basophil granulocytes. Accordingly, these cells contain the body's highest concentrations of histamine ...
Degranulation in mast cells is part of an inflammatory response, and substances such as histamine are released. Granules from mast cells mediate processes such as "vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and venom detoxification."
H 1-antihistamines work by binding to histamine H 1 receptors in mast cells, smooth muscle, and endothelium in the body as well as in the tuberomammillary nucleus in the brain. Antihistamines that target the histamine H 1-receptor are used to treat allergic reactions in the nose (e.g., itching, runny nose, and
Histamine receptors are proteins that bind with histamine, a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes. There are four main types: H1, H2, H3, and H4. H1 receptors are linked to allergic responses, H2 to gastric acid regulation, H3 to neurotransmitter release modulation, and H4 to immune system function.
1) In the body of the stomach, the vagal postganglionic muscarinic nerves release acetylcholine (ACh) which stimulates parietal cell H+ secretion. 2) In the lamina propria of the body of the stomach the ACh released from the vagal endings triggers histamine secretion from ECL cells. Histamine also stimulates H+ secretion from parietal cells.