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The swelling of the vocal folds cause ballooned-like appearance, known as a polyp. The polyps of Reinke's edema are usually benign, however, there may be a risk of cancer if the patient is a smoker. Additionally, if the edema becomes too severe, patients may experience difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction. [2] [12]
Treatment of vocal fold nodules usually involves behavioural intervention therapy administered by a speech–language pathologist. In severe cases, surgery to remove the lesions is recommended for best prognosis. [8] [9] In children, vocal fold nodules are more common in males; in adults, they are more common in females. [10] [5]
Childhood chronic pain affects at least 5% of the population under the age of 18, according to conservative epidemiological studies. Rates of pediatric chronic pain have also increased in the past 20 years. [ 2 ]
Treatment Physical therapy [ 4 ] Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare developmental brain disorder characterized by abnormally short arms and legs ( rhizomelia ), seizures , recurrent respiratory tract infections and congenital cataracts .
Vocal fold cysts cause the properties of the vocal folds to change. [9] When a cyst is present on a vocal fold , the cover of the vocal fold becomes more stiff and increases in mass. [ 9 ] The increased mass and stiffness tends to result in hyperkinetic muscular movement during phonation . [ 9 ]
Cancer pain in children may be caused by the cancer itself or the side effects of treatment. Tumors can cause pain in two different ways: by the physical pressure they place on organs or by occluding normal bodily functions. Treatment such as surgery and injections can also lead to significant pain for the patient. [9]
A common symptom of laryngeal papillomatosis is a change in voice quality. More specifically, hoarseness is observed. [4] [5] As a consequence of the narrowing of the laryngeal or tracheal parts of the airway, shortness of breath, chronic cough and stridor (i.e. noisy breathing which can sound like a whistle or a snore), can be present.
At any stage, children with chronic illness can have reduced quality of life, especially if the children or their families are of low socioeconomic status. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Malnutrition is a greater risk among children with chronic illnesses, and children's physical and cognitive development may be poorly impacted, such as abnormal immune system ...