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Beringia sea levels (blues) and land elevations (browns) measured in metres from 21,000 years ago to present. Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72° north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. [1]
Reenactment of a Viking landing in L'Anse aux Meadows. Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories are speculative theories which propose that visits to the Americas, interactions with the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, or both, were made by people from elsewhere prior to Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492. [1]
Both neoteny and progenesis result in paedomorphism [8] (as having the form typical of children) or paedomorphosis [9] (changing towards forms typical of children), a type of heterochrony. [10] It is the retention in adults of traits previously seen only in the young.
The psychiatrist Stanley Greenspan and Stuart G. Shanker proposed a theory in The First Idea of psychological development in which neoteny is seen as crucial for the "development of species-typical capacities" that depend upon a long period of attachment to caregivers for the opportunities to engage in and develop their capacity for emotional ...
It is one of the mental constructs in David Elkind's idea of adolescent egocentrism (along with the personal fable). Though the term refers to an experience exhibited in young adolescence as part of development, people of any age may harbor a fantasy of an imaginary audience.
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology.
The term Paleo-Indians applies specifically to the lithic period in the Western Hemisphere and is distinct from the term Paleolithic. [note 1] Traditional theories suggest that big-animal hunters crossed the Bering Strait from North Asia into the Americas over a land bridge . This bridge existed from 45,000 to 12,000 BCE (47,000–14,000 BP). [1]
According to Alberts, Elkind, and Ginsberg the personal fable "is the corollary to the imaginary audience.Thinking of themselves as the center of attention, the adolescent comes to believe that it is because they are special and unique.” [1] It is found during the formal operational stage in Piagetian theory, along with the imaginary audience.