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English: Standard model of elementary particles: the 12 fundamental fermions and 5 fundamental bosons. Brown loops indicate which bosons (red) couple to which fermions (purple and green). Please note that the masses of certain particles are subject to periodic reevaluation by the scientific community.
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. [1] The Standard Model presently recognizes seventeen distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons .
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
Bosons are one of the two fundamental particles having integral spinclasses of particles, the other being fermions. Bosons are characterized by Bose–Einstein statistics and all have integer spins. Bosons may be either elementary, like photons and gluons, or composite, like mesons. According to the Standard Model, the elementary bosons are:
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Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics.
In particle physics, the term particle zoo [1] [2] is used colloquially to describe the relatively extensive list of known subatomic particles by comparison to the variety of species in a zoo. In the history of particle physics , the topic of particles was considered to be particularly confusing in the late 1960s.
This page was last edited on 13 April 2005, at 03:08 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...