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On the mesial and distal surfaces, the cervical line curves incisally, which is also seen in the permanent maxillary central incisor. [citation needed] The root of this tooth is cone-shaped with a rounded apex. Most of the surfaces are smooth, but the mesial surface of the root may have a developmental groove or a concavity. [citation needed]
A defined mesial marginal ridge is elongated by a vestigial paraconid and separates from the metaconid by a deep, V-shaped groove, opening in the direction of the lingual face. This is seen in Australopithecus and Homo , especially human specimens KNM-ER 820 , KNM-ER 1507 , and Zhoukoudian, but absent in Paranthropus .
The distal and mesial marginal ridges are evident and the cingulum is prominent. [13] The lingual fossa is more concave than the central incisor. [13] The cingulum will often have a deep developmental groove on the distal side that can continue well into the root. [13] The lingual view of the lateral incisor fits into the geometric shape of a ...
Cusp ridges are ridges that radiate from cusp tips. There are two marginal ridges, mesial and distal, present on all teeth. On anterior teeth, they are located on the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface; on posterior teeth, they are located on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface.
Viewed from the mesial or distal its heights of contour are similar to the three cusp variety. Sometimes, premolars are referred to as bicuspids . Even though the terms are synonymous, "bicuspid" refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular second premolar is an example of a premolar with three functional cusps.
The gingiva and bone that abut the teeth are referred to as 'marginal', as in marginal periodontitis. The bulk of tooth structure on the occlusal surface at the point of contact of posterior teeth is referred to as the marginal ridge. [1] Maxillary Entities related to the maxilla, or upper jaw. [1] Mesial
The portion of the central groove between the central pits is termed the Lewis offset and is mandatory to account for the locations of the buccal and lingual grooves (buccal groove being more mesial than the lingual groove while they are parallel). From the buccal (buccal view), two roots are present.
The premolars of H. naledi are characterised by a well-developed P 3 and P 4 metaconid, strongly developed P 3 mesial marginal ridge, a larger P 3 than P 4, and tall crowns, distinguishing them from the premolars of other Homo species. [23] Nonetheless, H. naledi also has many dental similarities with contemporary Homo. [22]