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A disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) is a disease-modifying drug that would inhibit or even reverse the progression of osteoarthritis. [1] Since the main hallmark of osteoarthritis is cartilage loss, a typical DMOAD would prevent the loss of cartilage and potentially regenerate it.
[citation needed] More recently, the term has been used to indicate a drug that reduces the rate of damage to bone and cartilage. [citation needed] DMARDs can be further subdivided into traditional small molecular mass drugs synthesised chemically and newer "biological" agents produced through genetic engineering.
The dose-limiting side effects are liver damage, lung disease and immunosuppression. [27] The most common side effects (occurring in >1% of those treated with it) are, in approximately descending order of frequency: [7] [10] [2] [28] [29] [5] [4] diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, hair loss, high blood pressure, rash, nausea, bronchitis, headache, abdominal pain, abnormal liver function ...
Other drugs which may provide relief include acitretin, ciclosporin, and methotrexate, but since these drugs have their own major side effects, doctors and patients should discuss whether to try one of these or a biologic first. [4] Most biologics are injections so are not appropriate for use by someone with intense fear of needles. [4]
As well as attempting to find disease-modifying agents for osteoarthritis, there is emerging evidence that a system-based approach is necessary to find the causes of osteoarthritis. [209] A study conducted by scientists at the University of Twente found that osmolarity induced intracellular molecular crowding might drive the disease pathology.
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Instead, the drugs affect new blood cells that are being made by the bone marrow. [4] When myelosuppression is severe, it is called myeloablation. [5] Many other drugs including common antibiotics may cause bone marrow suppression. Unlike chemotherapy the effects may not be due to direct destruction of stem cells but the results may be equally ...
Ciclosporin is indicated to treat and prevent graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation and to prevent rejection of kidney, heart, and liver transplants. [8] [7] It is also approved in the US for treating of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, persistent nummular keratitis following adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, [25] [7] and as eye drops for treating dry eyes caused by ...