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Similar to "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution," Gender Trouble discusses the works of Sigmund Freud, Simone de Beauvoir, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, Luce Irigaray, Monique Wittig, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault. [34] Butler offers a critique of the terms gender and sex as they have been used by feminists. [35]
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity [1] [2] is a book by the post-structuralist gender theorist and philosopher Judith Butler in which the author argues that gender is performative, meaning that it is maintained, created or perpetuated by iterative repetitions when speaking and interacting with each other.
According to the feminist scholar Judith Butler, gender is "an identity tenuously constituted in time (…) instituted through a stylized repetition of acts". [34] In fact, "performing food labor is intertwined with performing gender".
Judith Butler, "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution", 1988; Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, 1990; Thomas Sowell, Black Rednecks and White Liberals, 2006; Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Ethics of Identity, 2005; Harvey Mansfield, Manliness, 2006; Sara Ahmed, On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life, 2012
[17]: 520 Referencing John L. Austin's speech act theory, Butler argues that gender is socially constructed through acts that are performative in that they serve to define and maintain identities. This view reverses the idea that a person's identity is the source of secondary actions (speech, gestures) – instead, identity is understood as the ...
A gender script is a concept in feminist studies that refers to structures or paths created by societal norms that one is supposed to follow based on the gender assigned to them at birth. The American Psychological Association defines gender script as "a temporally organized, gender-related sequence of events". [ 1 ]
The 118th Congress set the record for having the most LGBTQ representation in U.S. history, with 13 legislators openly identifying as gay, lesbian or bisexual.
Judith Butler, who coined the term "gender performativity" further suggests that, "theories of communication must explain the ways individuals negotiate, resist, and transcend their identities in a highly gendered society". This focus also includes the ways women are constrained or "disciplined" in the discipline of communication in itself, in ...