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Feet of a baby born to a mother who had taken thalidomide while pregnant. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of thalidomide in 46 countries was prescribed to women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant, and consequently resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as ...
Birth defects associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol can occur in the first three to eight weeks of pregnancy before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. [13] Diethylstilbestrol (DES) cervix. The cockscomb, collar, and pseudopolyp of cervix. Cockscomb (hoods) are markedly enlarged folds of cervical stroma and epithelium .
Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the unborn baby and may cause pre-term birth, birth defects such as cleft lip or cleft palate, or miscarriage. [ 93 ] [ 80 ] Tobacco is the most commonly used substance among pregnant women, at 25%.
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Opioids can cross both the placental and blood-brain barriers, which poses risks to fetuses and newborns exposed to these drugs before birth. This exposure to opioids during pregnancy can lead to potential obstetric complications, including spontaneous abortion, abruption of the placenta, pre-eclampsia, prelabor rupture of membranes, and fetal death.
McBride published a letter in The Lancet, in December 1961, noting a large number of birth defects in children of patients who were prescribed thalidomide, [9] after a midwife named Sister Pat Sparrow first suspected the drug was causing birth defects in the babies of patients under his care at Crown Street Women's Hospital in Sydney. [10]
Primary infertility indicates that a person has never been able to achieve pregnancy while secondary inferility is defined as a person having at least one pregnancy before. [5] As many as 20% of couples experience infertility. [4] Infertility may be caused by an issue along any part of the process of fertilizing an egg through birth of the child.
The case involved several important issues, including considerations of mental capacity regarding her age; the other issue was the impact of Zoloft on her mental state. [5] There was also the consideration of whether her crime should be considered murder or some form of manslaughter. [3] Ultimately, the focus of the trial was on the Zoloft.