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Air pollution and water pollution are challenges for Sri Lanka since both cause negative health impacts. Overfishing and insufficient waste management, especially in rural areas, leads to environmental pollution. Sri Lanka is also vulnerable to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events and sea level rise. [1]
Some districts of Sri Lanka have epidemic rates of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu). [29] Pollution of groundwater by chemical-agricultural runoff is a suspected factor; men are more likely than women to develop the condition. [29] Kidney disease rates are highest in areas that use water diverted from the Mahaweli River. [32]
According to the U.N. FAO, 28.8% of Sri Lanka was forested in 2010 (about 1,86 million hectares). In 1995, it was 1.94 million hectares or 32.2% [11] of the land area that was classified as dense forests while the balance 0.47 million hectares or 7% the land area classified as open forests.
The available volume for additional water in the soil depends on the porosity of the soil [7] and the rate at which previously infiltrated water can move away from the surface through the soil. The maximum rate at that water can enter soil in a given condition is the infiltration capacity.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a widely used mathematical model that describes soil erosion processes. [1]Erosion models play critical roles in soil and water resource conservation and nonpoint source pollution assessments, including: sediment load assessment and inventory, conservation planning and design for sediment control, and for the advancement of scientific understanding.
Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste .
[6]: 2 One example is the Southwestern Laterite (Cabook) Aquifer in Sri Lanka. [29]: 1 This aquifer is on the southwest border of Sri Lanka, with the narrow Shallow Aquifers on Coastal Sands between it and the ocean. [29]: 4 It has the considerable water-holding capacity, depending on the depth of the formation.
Chena is the oldest cultivation method in Sri Lanka, it goes far back as more than 5,000 years.(Before the Anuradhapura Kingdom) [1] [2] it the dry zone, the recovery of a chena plot proceeds through various stages of succession, (active chena, abandoned chena, chena re-growth, scrub with pioneer three species, scrub with secondary tree species, secondary forest, secondary forest with primary ...