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Post-mastectomy pain syndrome is a chronic neuropathic pain that usually manifests as continuous pain in the arm, axilla, chest wall, and breast region. [3] Pain is most likely to start after surgery, [3] although adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may sometimes cause new symptoms to appear. [4]
The neurogenic type is the most common and presents with pain, weakness, paraesthesia, and occasionally loss of muscle at the base of the thumb. [1] [2] The venous type results in swelling, pain, and possibly a bluish coloration of the arm. [2] The arterial type results in pain, coldness, and pallor of the arm. [2]
Mohs surgery is the gold standard method for obtaining complete margin control during removal of a skin cancer (complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment - CCPDMA) using frozen section histology. [1] CCPDMA or Mohs surgery allows for the removal of a skin cancer with very narrow surgical margin and a high cure rate.
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[20] [66] [64] [67] [32] When VAS scores (pain scores) are measured, patients typically have severe pain (>7.5) before surgery and at most mild pain (< 3.5) after surgery. [ 68 ] [ 66 ] [ 64 ] [ 67 ] A systematic review of deep gluteal syndrome (of which piriformis syndrome is a major cause) found consistently positive results for surgeries in ...
Spasms of the pectoralis major muscle and resulting severe pain (acute or chronic) may be reduced by pectoral nerve block or neuromuscular relaxation. Decreasing the pectoral muscle tone intraoperatively by neuromuscular relaxation ( paralytic agents ) or by a nerve block ( local anesthetic injection ), can facilitate better cosmetic results ...
Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) include severe pain, decreased blood flow, decreased movement, numbness, and a pale limb. [5] It is most often due to physical trauma, like a bone fracture (up to 75% of cases) or a crush injury. [3] [7] It can also occur after blood flow returns following a period of poor circulation. [4]
Endometriosis is the most common cause for this severe pain. One solution that doctors often mistakenly recommend as a cure is a hysterectomy , or removal of the uterus . However, this often does not relieve endometriosis pain because the disease is left behind on other organs such as the bladder, bowels, or pelvic side walls, and it can thrive ...