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Maize / m eɪ z / (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native Americans planted it alongside beans and squashes in the Three Sisters polyculture.
Zea is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family. The best-known species is Z. mays (variously called maize , corn, or Indian corn), one of the most important crops for human societies throughout much of the world.
Genetic erosion is a menace to the basis of further improvement for a monoic [check spelling], allogamous species, Zea mays L., whose genetic progress is mainly founded on the combination of the structural and physiological traits, contributed by each parental genotype, and a hazard to the specific qualities of different maize varieties, selected throughout the centuries as a major element for ...
Flint corn (Zea mays var. indurata; also known as Indian corn or sometimes calico corn) is a variant of maize, the same species as common corn. [1] Because each kernel has a hard outer layer to protect the soft endosperm, it is likened to being hard as flint, hence the name. [2]
Zea mays indurada - dark maize, known locally as maíz morocho, Zea mays amylacea - soft maize, known locally as maíz suave . During 1962 and 1963 Aureliano Brandolini collected 458 seed samples of the Ecuadorian varieties within the equatorial zone , between 2° North and -6° South. [ 2 ]
The cob is also purple in color. The pigment giving purple corn its vivid color derives from an exceptional content of a class of polyphenols called anthocyanins.Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, also called chrysanthemin, is the major anthocyanin in purple corn kernels, comprising about 73% of all anthocyanins present.
Zea mays var. indentata, synonym Zea indentata Sturtev., was identified and published by American agronomist and botanist Edward Lewis Sturtevant (1842–1898). [4] It is categorized as a species within the family Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae, and tribe Andropogoneae—a tribe of grasses that use the NADP–malic enzyme subtype of C 4 photosynthesis in carbon fixation.
In Indigenous American companion planting, maize (Zea mays), beans (wild beans and vetches [3] spp.), and squash (Cucurbita pepo) are planted close together. The maize and beans are often planted together in mounds formed by hilling soil around the base of the plants each year; squash is typically planted between the mounds. [ 4 ]