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The known maternal risk factors for autism diagnosis in her offspring are similar to the risk factors for sleep apnea. For example, advanced maternal age, maternal obesity , maternal type 2 diabetes and maternal hypertension all increase the risk of autism in her offspring.
Risk factors for self-harm and suicidality include circumstances that could affect anyone, such as mental health problems (e.g., anxiety disorder) and social problems (e.g., unemployment and social isolation), plus factors that affect only autistic people, such as actively trying to behave like a neurotypical person, which is called masking. [130]
For adult siblings, the risk of having one or more features of the broader autism phenotype might be as high as 30%, [76] much higher than the risk in controls. [77] About 10–15% of autism cases have an identifiable Mendelian (single-gene) condition, chromosome abnormality , or other genetic syndrome, [ 76 ] and ASD is associated with several ...
In 2012, Harvard researchers published findings suggesting that, on average, more genetic and environmental risk factors are required for girls to develop autism, compared to boys. The researchers analyzed DNA samples of nearly 800 families affected by autism and nearly 16,000 individuals with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders .
The number of children on the autism spectrum has increased dramatically since the 1980s, at least partly due to changes in diagnostic practice; it is unclear whether prevalence has actually increased; [3] and as-yet-unidentified environmental risk factors cannot be ruled out. [4] The risk of autism is associated with several prenatal factors ...
Eighty-seven percent of families with an autistic child report that they don’t take family vacations, according to a 2019 survey of 1,000 parents by the International Board of Credentialing and ...
When VPA and another antiepileptic drug are taken, the risk increases to 11.7%. [44] [45] Compared to the general population, this risk of ASD is 16 times higher. [46] Currently, there are two proposed epigenetic mechanisms for VPA increasing the risk in ASD: alteration in folate metabolism and HDAC inhibition. VPA is a weak HDAC inhibitor.
The mirror neuron system (MNS) theory of autism hypothesizes that disrupted development of the MNS impairs autistic people's ability to imitate others, leading to core autistic features of social impairment and communication difficulties. In animals, the MNS activates when an animal performs an action or observes another animal perform the same ...