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The French rhotic has a wide range of realizations: the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], also realised as an approximant [ʁ̞], with a voiceless positional allophone [χ], the uvular trill [ʀ], the alveolar trill [r], and the alveolar tap [ɾ]. These are all recognised as the phoneme /r/, [5] but [r] and [ɾ] are considered dialectal.
The other main theory is that the uvular R originated within Germanic languages by the weakening of the alveolar R, which was replaced by an imitation of the alveolar R (vocalisation). [4] Against the "French origin" theory, it is said that there are many signs that the uvular R existed in some German dialects long before the 17th century. [4]
The uvular trill [ʀ] has lately been emerging as a provincial standard, and the alveolar trill [r] was once used in informal speech in Montreal. [when?] In modern Quebec French, the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] (though voiceless before and after voiceless consonants: treize [tʁ̥aɛ̯zə̆] ⓘ) is most common.
In many of these it has a uvular fricative (either voiced [ʁ] or voiceless [χ]) as an allophone when it follows one of the voiceless stops /p/, /t/, or /k/ at the end of a word, as in the French example maître [mɛtχ], or even a uvular approximant [ʁ̞]. As with most trills, uvular trills are often reduced to a single contact, especially ...
A partially devoiced uvular or pre-uvular (i.e. between velar and uvular) trill [ʀ̝̊] with some frication occurs as a coda allophone of /ʀ/ in the Limburgish dialects of Maastricht and Weert. [6] [7] Voiceless trills occur phonemically in e.g. Welsh and Icelandic. (See also voiceless alveolar trill, voiceless retroflex trill, voiceless ...
Rare kinds of trills include Czech ř [r̝] (fricative trill) and Welsh rh [r̥] (voiceless trill). The uvular trill is another kind of rhotic trill; see below for more. Tap or flap (these terms describe very similar articulations): Similar to a trill, but involving just one brief interruption of airflow. In many languages flaps are used as ...
The voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA.It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ɢ̆ , but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ʀ , [1] since the two have never been reported to contrast.
Voiced bilabial trill; Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills; Voiced epiglottal trill; Voiced retroflex trill; Voiced uvular trill; Voiceless bilabial trill; Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop; Voiceless epiglottal trill; Voiceless retroflex trill; Voiceless uvular trill