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The major seventh chord, sometimes also called a Delta chord, can be written as maj 7, M 7, Δ, ⑦, etc. The "7" does not have to be superscripted, but if it is, then any alterations, added tones, or omissions are usually also superscripted. For example, the major seventh chord built on C, commonly written as Cmaj 7, has pitches C–E–G–B:
Dominant seventh chords are often built on the fifth scale degree (or dominant) of a key. For instance, in the C major scale, G is the fifth note of the scale, and the seventh chord built on G is the dominant seventh chord, G 7 (shown above). In this chord, F is a minor seventh above G.
The most common chords are tertian, constructed using a sequence of major thirds (spanning 4 semitones) and/or minor thirds (3 semitones). Since there are 3 third intervals in a seventh chord (4 notes) and each can be major or minor, there are 7 possible permutations (the 8th one, consisted of four major thirds, results in a non-seventh augmented chord, since a major third equally divides the ...
[12] In jazz, 7 ♯ 9 chords, along with 7 ♭ 9 chords, are often employed as the dominant chord in a minor ii–V–I turnaround. For example, a ii–V–I in C minor could be played as: Dm 7 ♭ 5 – G 7 ♯ 9 – Cm 7. The 7 ♯ 9 represents a major divergence from the world of tertian chord theory, where chords are stacks of major and ...
For example, over the first three bars of the Ciaccona movement of J.S. Bach's Violin Partita No. 2 in D minor, the tonic in the first measure progresses to the ii ø 7 chord (in third inversion) for the first beat of the second measure, then to the dominant (a V 7 in first inversion), and then back to the tonic in the third measure.
The dominant 7 ♯ 11 or Lydian dominant (C 7 ♯ 11) comprises the notes: . r, 3, (5), ♭ 7, (9), ♯ 11, (13) (Note that in jazz lead sheet notation, upper extensions (intervals beyond the 7th) aren't named unless they are altered; alternatively, when including the 9th and 13th this chord could be called a C 13 ♯ 11.)
This is possible because the ♭ II 7 has the same third and seventh as the V 7, but inverted; for example, the third and seventh of G 7 are B and F, while the third and seventh of D ♭ 7 are F and C ♭, which is enharmonic to B. Performing this substitution (in this case, changing Dm 7 –G 7 –C maj7 to Dm 7 –D ♭ 7 –C maj7) creates ...
The scheme I-x-V-I symbolizes, though naturally in a very summarizing way, the harmonic course of any composition of the Classical period.This x, usually appearing as a progression of chords, as a whole series, constitutes, as it were, the actual "music" within the scheme, which through the annexed formula V-I, is made into a unit, a group, or even a whole piece.