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Attempts to tow the ship to Malta failed; her troops were taken off and the ship was scuttled. During the morning of 28 September, the convoy came into range of Malta-based fighters. The rest of the convoy reached Malta at 1:30 p.m. and landed 85,000 short tons (77,000 t) of supplies. Halberd was the last convoy operation of 1941.
Malta was a base for air, sea and submarine operations against Axis supply convoys and from 1 June to 31 October 1941, British forces sank about 220,000 long tons (220,000 t) of Axis shipping on the African convoy routes, 94,000 long tons (96,000 t) by the navy and 115,000 long tons (117,000 t) by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and Fleet Air Arm (FAA).
Brest via British Isles to Norway April 1940 May 1940 French and Polish troop convoys FS Firth of Forth to River Thames: 1939 1945 1,840 FS [3] Brest via British Isles to Norway April 1940 May 1940 French supply convoys GREYBACK Dieppe, Seine-Maritime to Newhaven, East Sussex: ferry service GS Grimsby to Southend-on-Sea: 1940 1940 HM Holyhead ...
Right after the engagement, which pushed the British convoy too far south of their route, Gallant struck a naval mine at 08:35. [8] Mohawk took Gallant in tow toward Malta while the Force B cruisers provided protection from air attacks. [5] Convoys MC 4 and MW 5 arrived at Malta and convoy ME 6 departed for Alexandria. [3]
As British troops were being removed from Africa, the Axis significantly strengthened their presence there. This enabled German General Erwin Rommel to begin the push of his Afrika Korps toward Egypt that was not stopped until late 1942 at El Alamein.. In January 1941, a convoy was assembled to resupply Malta and Greece from Gibraltar ...
The British began Operation Excess, a series of supply convoys to Malta, Alexandria and Greece. The British aircraft carrier Illustrious was severely damaged by Stukas as it escorted a convoy to Malta. [16] President Roosevelt submitted H.R. 1776, better known as the Lend-Lease bill, to Congress. [17]
Operation Halberd was at the time the largest Malta supply effort of the war. [1] Nine merchant ships carrying 81,000 tons of military equipment and supplies sailed from Liverpool on 16 September and from the Clyde on 17 September as part of convoy WS (Winston Specials) 11X, passing Gibraltar on 24 September 1941, with a close escort under the command of Rear-Admiral Harold Burrough. [2]
Operation Vigorous (known in Italy as Battaglia di mezzo giugno 1942, "the Battle of mid-June 1942") was a British operation during the Second World War, to escort supply Convoy MW 11 from the eastern Mediterranean to Malta, which took place from 11 to 16 June 1942.