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This effect could possibly indicate that when faced with racial ambiguity, observers often misclassify the actor and thus have inaccurate expectations about the social interaction to follow. [27] An alternative explanation is that racial ambiguity may be cognitively taxing, resulting in mental fatigue and less positive interactions. [28]
The one-drop rule was a legal principle of racial classification that was prominent in the 20th-century United States. It asserted that any person with even one ancestor of African ancestry ("one drop" of "black blood") [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is considered black ( Negro or colored in historical terms).
The official racial status of Mexican Americans has varied throughout American history. From 1850 to 1920, the US census form did not distinguish between whites and Mexican Americans. [57] In 1930, the US census form asked for "color or race", and census enumerators were instructed to write W for white and Mex for Mexican. [58]
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. [3] [4] [5] Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with a person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or ...
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]
Race-norming, more formally called within-group score conversion and score adjustment strategy, is the practice of adjusting test scores to account for the race or ethnicity of the test-taker. [1] In the United States, it was first implemented by the Federal Government in 1981 with little publicity, [ 2 ] and was subsequently outlawed by the ...
Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States in percentage of the population. The United States census enumerated Whites and Blacks since 1790, Asians and Native Americans since 1860 (though all Native Americans in the U.S. were not enumerated until 1890), "some other race" since 1950, and "two or more races" since 2000. [2]