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A craniopharyngioma is a rare type of brain tumor derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue [1] that occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. It may present at any age, even in the prenatal and neonatal periods, but peak incidence rates are childhood-onset at 5–14 years and adult-onset at 50–74 years. [2]
The most common symptoms of CNS tumors are headache, vomiting, and nausea. Symptoms vary depending on the tumor and may include unsteady gait, slowed speech, memory loss, loss of hearing and vision, problems with memory, narrowing of visual field, and back pain. Symptoms may also vary greatly between individuals with the same tumor type.
In adult patients, the overall two-year survival rate is 19.7%, with low grade tumors holding a two-year survival rate of 31.0% and high-grade tumors holding a two-year survival rate of 16.5%. [2] In pedtiatric patients, low-grade astrocytomas held a five-year survival rate of 40% while high-grade astrocyte tumors held a five-year survival rate ...
Craniopharyngioma is a neoplasm which can arise from the epithelium within the cleft. Abnormal development of Rathke's pouch can lead to various congenital disorders such as Rathke's cleft cysts. These conditions can result in pituitary dysfunction and present with symptoms such as hormonal imbalances, growth retardation, and visual ...
Children are much more prone to exhibit these dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours than adults. [1] The mean age of onset of seizures for children with DNTs is 8.1 years old. [1] Few other neurological deficits are associated with DNTs, so that earlier detection of the tumour before seizure symptoms are rare. [2]
1.1 Adult-type diffuse gliomas ... 11.1 Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma ... diagnosis should be designated by appending not otherwise specified ...
It is a rare tumor, usually occurring in children and young adults under 25 years of age. The overall 5 year survival rate is about 53%. [2] It gets its name because the majority of the cells in the tumor are derived from neuroectoderm, but have not developed and differentiated in the way a normal neuron would, and so the cells appear "primitive".
CT scan of the brain showing a craniopharyngioma (white structure in the center of the image). This tumor may cause hypopituitarism and requires surgical removal. The diagnosis of hypopituitarism is made on blood tests. Two types of blood tests are used to confirm the presence of a hormone deficiency: basal levels, where blood samples are taken ...