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The black rat is a reservoir host for bubonic plague. The rat fleas that infest the rats are vectors for the disease. In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; [1] whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest . The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter.
Spillover infection – cross-species transmission of pathogens from a domestic or wildlife animal reservoir to a new human host. Vector – organism, typically an insect or arachnid, that transmits pathogens from an infected host to a susceptible host individual. Zoonosis – infectious disease transmissible from animals to humans.
A reservoir is usually a living host of a certain species, such as an animal or a plant, inside of which a pathogen survives, often (though not always) without causing disease for the reservoir itself. By some definitions a reservoir may also be an environment external to an organism, such as a volume of contaminated air or water. [1] [2]
Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts.
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel.
The bumblebee is a potential reservoir for several pollinator parasites. Commercially bred bumblebees used to pollinate greenhouses can be reservoirs for several pollinator parasites including the protozoans Crithidia bombi, and Apicystis bombi, [10] the microsporidians Nosema bombi and Nosema ceranae, [10] [11] plus viruses such as Deformed wing virus and the tracheal mites Locustacarus ...
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Echinostoma is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals.These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, [2] and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts.