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Relevance theory explains irony as an echoic utterance with implicit attribution and implicit attitude, the attitude being one of rejection, disapproval, ridicule, or the like. For example, if an overly cautious driver pulls into a main road which is completely clear except for a cyclist on the horizon, the co-driver might reprovingly say ...
Translation changes everything: Theory and practice is a collection of essays written by translation theorist Lawrence Venuti. [ 1 ] during the period 2000–2012. Venuti conceives translation as an interpretive act with far-reaching social effects, at once enabled and constrained by specific cultural situations.
The main purpose of theories of second-language acquisition (SLA) is to shed light on how people who already know one language learn a second language. The field of second-language acquisition involves various contributions, such as linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and education. These multiple fields ...
The theory first appeared in an article published by linguist Hans Josef Vermeer in the German Journal Lebende Sprachen, 1978. [2]As a realisation of James Holmes’ map of Translation Studies (1972), [3] [4] skopos theory is the core of the four approaches of German functionalist translation theory [5] that emerged around the late twentieth century.
Relevance theory can therefore effortlessly account for the above example about Gérard: If B knows where Gérard lives, and "Somewhere in the South of France" is the most relevant answer compatible with B's preferences, it follows that B is unwilling to disclose his knowledge.
Historical anthologies of translation theories have been compiled by Robinson (2002) [21] for Western theories up to Nietzsche; by D'hulst (1990) [22] for French theories, 1748–1847; by Santoyo (1987) [23] for the Spanish tradition; by Edward Balcerzan (1977) [24] for the Polish experience, 1440–1974; and by Cheung (2006) [25] for Chinese.
The Interpretive Theory of Translation [1] (ITT) is a concept from the field of Translation Studies.It was established in the 1970s by Danica Seleskovitch, a French translation scholar and former Head of the Paris School of Interpreters and Translators (Ecole Supérieure d’Interprètes et de Traducteurs (ESIT), Université Paris 3 - Sorbonne Nouvelle).
In semantics, the best-known types of semantic equivalence are dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence (two terms coined by Eugene Nida), which employ translation approaches that focus, respectively, on conveying the meaning of the source text; and that lend greater importance to preserving, in the translation, the literal structure of the source text.