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Erga omnes obligations attach when there is a serious breach of peremptory norms of international law like those against piracy, genocide and wars of aggression. [2] [3] The concept was recognized in the International Court of Justice's decision in the Barcelona Traction case [4] [(Belgium v Spain) (Second Phase) ICJ Rep 1970 3 at paragraph 33]:
Barcelona Traction, Light, and Power Company, Ltd was a corporation incorporated in Canada, with Toronto headquarters, that made and supplied electricity in Spain.It had issued bonds to non-Spanish investors, but during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), the Spanish government refused to allow BTLP to transfer currency to pay bondholders the interest that they were due.
Universal jurisdiction is a legal principle that allows states or international organizations to prosecute individuals for serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, regardless of where the crime was committed and irrespective of the accused's nationality or residence. Rooted in the belief that certain offenses ...
The Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (commonly known as the Israeli Wall advisory opinion) of 9 July 2004 is an advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in relation to the Israeli West Bank barrier.
A legal proceeding conducted without the presence of one party is said to be conducted in absentia, e.g., trial in absentia or being sentenced in absentia. in articulo mortis: at the moment of death Often used in probate law, as well as for testimony in the sense of a dying declaration. in camera: in the chamber Conducted in private, or in secret.
The topic of state responsibility was one of the first 14 areas provisionally selected for the ILC's attention in 1949. [7] When the ILC listed the topic for codification in 1953, "state responsibility" was distinguished from a separate topic on the "treatment of aliens", reflecting the growing view that state responsibility encompasses the breach of an international obligation.
D.A. – D.B.A. – D.U.I. – D.W.I. – Damages – Damnation – Dangerous weapon – Data protection – Date rape – Daubert standard – Day in court – de bonis asportatis – de bonis non administratis – de facto – De facto corporation – de futuro – de integro – de jure – De jure corporation – de lege ferenda – de lege lata – de minimis – de novo – Deadlock ...
In the U.S., the disenfranchisement of felons [6] has been called a form of civil death, as has being subjected to collateral consequences in general. The contention is not generally supported by legal scholars. [7] Civil death as such remains part of the law in New York, Rhode Island, and the Virgin Islands. [8] [9]