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Types of obstructive lung disease include asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although COPD shares similar characteristics with all other obstructive lung diseases, such as the signs of coughing and wheezing , they are distinct conditions in terms of disease onset, frequency of symptoms, and ...
Centrilobular emphysema, also called centriacinar emphysema, affects the centre of a pulmonary lobule (centrilobular) in the lung, the area around the terminal bronchiole and the first respiratory bronchiole, and can be seen on imaging as an area around the tip of the visible pulmonary artery.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are all obstructive lung diseases characterised by airway obstruction. This limits the amount of air that is able to enter alveoli because of constriction of the bronchial tree, due to inflammation.
People with bronchiectasis may have bad breath from active infection. On examination, crepitations and expiratory rhonchi may be heard with auscultation. Nail clubbing is a rare symptom. [3] The complications of bronchiectasis include serious health conditions, such as respiratory failure and atelectasis: collapse or closure of
[10] [28] Estimates of the number of people with COPD who have chronic bronchitis are 7–40%. [29] [30] Estimates of the number of people who smoke and have chronic bronchitis who also have COPD is 60%. [31] The term "chronic bronchitis" was used in previous definitions of COPD but is no longer included in the definition.
Classically, MAC infection results in either upper lobe cavities in male smokers with COPD or bronchiectasis in thin, older women; however, it is possible to have both cavities and bronchiectasis in the same patient. [10] Similar to tuberculosis, the presence of cavities in MAC infection is associated with worse outcomes. [6]
For children younger than 15 years old, nasopharyngel catheters or nasal prongs are recommended over a face mask or head box. [25] A Cochrane review in 2014 presented a summary to identify children complaining of severe LRTI, however; further research is required to determine the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen and the best delivery method.
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