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[70] [71] American physical chemists Gilbert N. Lewis and Richard C. Tolman used two variations of the formula in 1909: m = E / c 2 and m 0 = E 0 / c 2 , with E being the relativistic energy (the energy of an object when the object is moving), E 0 is the rest energy (the energy when not moving), m is the relativistic mass (the ...
The Planck relation [1] [2] [3] (referred to as Planck's energy–frequency relation, [4] the Planck–Einstein relation, [5] Planck equation, [6] and Planck formula, [7] though the latter might also refer to Planck's law [8] [9]) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics which states that the energy E of a photon, known as photon energy, is proportional to its frequency ν: =.
The difference in mass can be calculated by the Einstein equation, E = mc 2, where E is the nuclear binding energy, c is the speed of light, and m is the difference in mass. This 'missing mass' is known as the mass defect, and represents the energy that was released when the nucleus was formed.
The relativistic expressions for E and p obey the relativistic energy–momentum relation: [12] = where the m is the rest mass, or the invariant mass for systems, and E is the total energy. The equation is also valid for photons, which have m = 0 : E 2 − ( p c ) 2 = 0 {\displaystyle E^{2}-(pc)^{2}=0} and therefore E = p c {\displaystyle E=pc}
If the body is at rest (v = 0), i.e. in its center-of-momentum frame (p = 0), we have E = E 0 and m = m 0; thus the energy–momentum relation and both forms of the mass–energy relation (mentioned above) all become the same. A more general form of relation holds for general relativity.
The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times.
The book aims to provide an explanation of the theory of relativity that is accessible to a general reader. The authors tell the history of Albert Einstein's equation, E=mc², and explain what it stands for. [2] [3]
E = mc 2 is the equation of mass–energy equivalence. E=MC 2 or E=MC2 may also refer to: Music