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  2. Prices of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements

    Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars. ... (⁠ mg / kg ⁠) Price [7] Year Source Notes USD/kg USD/L [c] 1: H: Hydrogen ...

  3. Aerographene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerographene

    Graphene aerogel morphologies have also been demonstrated to be controllable through 3D printing methods. Graphene oxide ink composed of graphene oxide gelled in a viscous solution with the addition of silica to lower viscosity and enable printability of the graphene oxide ink. The ink is then extruded from a nozzle into isooctane, which ...

  4. Graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

    In addition, it is known that when single-layer graphene is supported on an amorphous material, the thermal conductivity is reduced to about 500 – 600 W⋅m −1 ⋅K −1 at room temperature as a result of scattering of graphene lattice waves by the substrate, [172] [173] and can be even lower for few-layer graphene encased in amorphous ...

  5. Graphite oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite_oxide

    Structure proposed in 1998 [1] with functional groups. A: Epoxy bridges, B: Hydroxyl groups, C: Pairwise carboxyl groups. Graphite oxide (GO), formerly called graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers and acids for resolving of extra metals.

  6. Comparison of commercial battery types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_commercial...

    MJ/kg (Wh/kg) MJ/L (Wh/L) W/kg Wh/$ ($/kWh) % %/month years Lead–acid: SLA VRLA PbAc Lead: H 2 SO 4: Lead dioxide: Yes 1881 [1] 1.75 [2] 2.1 [2] 2.23–2.32 [2] 0.11–0.14 (30–40) [2] 0.22–0.27 (60–75) [2] 180 [2] 5.27–13.55 (74–190) [2] 50–92 [2] 3–20 [2] Zinc–carbon: Carbon–zinc Zinc: NH 4 Cl Manganese (IV) oxide: No 1898 ...

  7. Graphite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

    Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), lubricants (5%), among others (17%). [6] Under extremely high pressures and extremely high temperatures it converts to diamond ...

  8. Graphene oxide paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_oxide_paper

    Remarkably, the paper also cited the inter-layer distance in diluted NaOH as infinity thus reporting dispersion of graphite oxide on single-layered graphene oxide sheets in solution. The study also reported permeation rate of membranes for water 0.1 mg per minute per square cm. The diffusion rate of water was evaluated as 1 cm/hour.

  9. Graphene foam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_foam

    Schematic of the synthesis of graphene foam using a Ni template (top) and photographs of the products (bottom) Electron micrographs of the graphene foam prepared using a Ni template. Graphene foam is a solid, open-cell foam made of single-layer sheets of graphene. [1] [2] It is a candidate substrate for the electrode of lithium-ion batteries.