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Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody biologic. It seems to work by binding to and neutralizing TNF-α, preventing it from interacting with its receptors on the cell. [23] TNF-α is a chemical messenger and a key part of the autoimmune reaction. Infliximab was originally developed in mice as a mouse antibody.
Likewise chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide are seldom used in the treatment of sarcoidosis due to their high degree of toxicity, especially their potential for causing malignancies. [127] Infliximab has been used successfully to treat pulmonary sarcoidosis in clinical trials in a number of cases. [116]
The World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders, also known as WASOG is an organisation of physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis and related conditions.
The anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody infliximab is a major biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Biological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [1]
Therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies are clones of a single parent cell. When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab.
Only 1 percent of people with sarcoidosis will have neurosarcoidosis alone without involvement of any other organs. Diagnosis can be difficult, with no test apart from biopsy achieving a high accuracy rate. Treatment is with immunosuppression. [1] The first case of sarcoidosis involving the nervous system was reported in 1905. [2] [3]
Löfgren syndrome is a type of acute sarcoidosis, [1] an inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the chest, tender red nodules on the shins, fever and arthritis. [2] It is more common in women than men, and is more frequent in those of Scandinavian , Irish , African and Puerto Rican heritage.
Scar sarcoid (also known as "Sarcoidosis in scars") is a cutaneous condition characterized by infiltration and elevation of tattoos and old flat scars due to sarcoidosis. [2]: 710 Mucosal sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by pinhead-sized papules that may be grouped and fused together to form a flat plaque. [2]: 711