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Died by suicide on account of blindness caused by neurosyphilis. Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), Russian writer Suspected to have had syphilis [9] Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897), French novelist Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher Cause of death disputed, but syphilis or mercury poisoning from syphilis treatment are leading theories.
Christopher Columbus [b] (/ k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s /; [2] between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian [3] [c] explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa [3] [4] who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Two primary hypotheses emerged. One proposed that syphilis was carried to Europe from the Americas by the men who sailed with Christopher Columbus as a byproduct of the Columbian exchange. The other held that it previously existed in Europe but went unrecognized. These are referred to as the "Columbian" and "pre-Columbian" hypotheses. [6]
From the beginning of African slavery in the North American colonies, slaves were often viewed as property, rather than people. Plaçage, a formalized system of concubinage among slave women or free people of color, developed in Louisiana and particularly New Orleans by the 18th century. The plaçage system developed from the predominance of ...
Most common infectious diseases, such as those caused by microorganisms like staphylococcus and streptococcus cannot be seen in the bones. Tuberculosis and the two forms of syphilis are considered rare and their diagnosis via osteological analysis is controversial. To understand health at the community level, scientists and health experts look ...
The Taíno genocide was committed against the Taíno Indigenous people by the Spanish during their colonization of the Caribbean during the 16th century. [3] The population of the Taíno before the arrival of the Spanish Empire on the island of Hispaniola in 1492 [4] (which Christopher Columbus baptized as Hispaniola), is estimated at between 10,000 and 1,000,000.
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The first written descriptions of syphilis in the Old World came in 1493. [46] The first large outbreak of syphilis in Europe occurred in 1494–1495 among the army of Charles VIII during its invasion of Naples. [45] [47] [48] [49] Many of the crew members who had served with Columbus had joined this army. After the victory, Charles's largely ...