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Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) ... Ethanol: 0.78 78.4 1.22 –114.6 –1.99 ... Water: 100.00 0.512 0.00
Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C Density relative to 4 °C water Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water Density at 25 °C relative to 25 °C water Freezing temperature, °C 10 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C
At atmospheric pressure, mixtures of ethanol and water form an azeotrope at about 89.4 mol% ethanol (95.6% ethanol by mass, [83] 97% alcohol by volume), with a boiling point of 351.3 K (78.1 °C). [84] At lower pressure, the composition of the ethanol-water azeotrope shifts to more ethanol-rich mixtures. [85]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers. The boiling point of the alcohol ethanol is 78.29 °C, compared to 69 °C for the hydrocarbon hexane, and 34.6 °C for diethyl ether.
where p is the vapor pressure, T is temperature (in °C or in K according to the value of C) and A, B and C are component-specific constants. The simplified form with C set to zero: = is the August equation, after the German physicist Ernst Ferdinand August (1795–1870). The August equation describes a linear relation between the logarithm ...
Old thermometer in a pharmacy in Vienna, showing room temperature by Reaumur scale. Réaumur and Celsius scale on thermometer. Private collection, central Europe. The Réaumur scale (French pronunciation: [ʁeomy(ː)ʁ]; °Ré, °Re, °r), also known as the "octogesimal division", [1] is a temperature scale for which the melting and boiling points of water are defined as 0 and 80 degrees ...
Ethanol freezes at −114.9 °C (−174.82 °F). If an alcohol thermometer utilizes a combination of ethanol, toluene, and pentane, its lower temperature range may be extended to measure temperatures down to as low as −200 °C (−328 °F). [3] However, the measurement temperature range c. −200 °C to 78 °C, is highly dependent upon the ...