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Wildebeest migrating in the Serengeti. Migration, in ecology, is the large-scale movement of members of a species to a different environment.Migration is a natural behavior and component of the life cycle of many species of mobile organisms, not limited to animals, though animal migration is the best known type.
Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes. The adjective "diel" (IPA: / ˈ d aɪ. ə l /, / ˈ d iː. əl /) comes from Latin: diēs, lit. 'day', and refers to a 24-hour period.
Mass migration occurs in mammals such as the Serengeti 'great migration', [31] an annual circular pattern of movement with some 1.7 million wildebeest and hundreds of thousands of other large game animals, including gazelles and zebra.
The patterns of isolation by distance as shown among human genetic data representing 346 microsatellite loci taken from 1484 individuals in 78 human populations. The horizontal axis of both charts is geographic distance as measured along likely routes of human migration.
Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls , are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter.
Animal migration; Bird migration; Plant migration, see Seed dispersal, the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant; Gene migration, a process in evolution and population genetics; Cell migration, a process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms Collective cell migration, describing the movements of group ...
The patterns of seed dispersal are determined in large part by the specific dispersal mechanism, and this has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant populations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water, and by animals.
Spatial ecology studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species.In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological niche for any significant length of time.