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[11] [28] Compared to placebo, beta-blockers have a greater benefit in stroke reduction, but no difference on coronary heart disease or all-cause mortality. [32] However, three-quarters of active beta-blocker treatments in the randomised controlled trials included in the review used atenolol, and none used the newer vasodilating beta-blockers. [33]
Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. [7] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. [8] [9] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.
Beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity: acebutolol, pindolol; Some common side effects include increased airway resistance for non-selective beta-blockers, exacerbation of peripheral vascular diseases, and hypotension [15] Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with second- or third-degree atrioventricular block.
While once a first-line treatment for hypertension, the role of beta blockers was downgraded in June 2006 in the United Kingdom to fourth-line, as they do not perform as well as other drugs, particularly in the elderly, and evidence is increasing that the most frequently used beta blockers at usual doses carry an unacceptable risk of provoking ...
In particular, beta-blockers are no longer recommended as first-line treatment due to relative adverse risk of stroke and new-onset of type 2 diabetes when compared to other medications, [3] while certain specific beta-blockers such as atenolol appear to be less useful in overall treatment of hypertension than several other agents. [36]
Labetalol is often classified as a beta blocker with low lipophilicity and hence lower potential for crossing the blood–brain barrier and blood–placenta barrier. [17] [29] [30] This in turn may result in fewer effects in the central nervous system as well as a lower risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. [17]
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
Nebivolol is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. [5] As with other β-blockers, it is generally a less preferred treatment for high blood pressure. [6] It may be used by itself or with other blood pressure medication. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6] Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, nausea, and ...