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To convert a 24 frame/sec movie to 60 field/sec television, for example, alternate movie frames are shown 2 and 3 times, respectively. For 50 Hz systems such as PAL each frame is shown twice. Since 50 is not exactly 2×24, the movie will run 50/48 = 4% faster, and the audio pitch will be 4% higher, an effect known as PAL speed-up. This is often ...
Atomic clocks usually have an external PPS output, although internally they may operate at 9,192,631,770 Hz. [3] PPS signals have an accuracy ranging from 12 picoseconds to a few microseconds per second, or 2.0 nanoseconds to a few milliseconds per day based on the resolution and accuracy of the device generating the signal.
Some non-mel auditory-frequency-scale formulas use the same form but with much lower break frequency, not necessarily mapping to 1000 at 1000 Hz; for example the ERB-rate scale of Glasberg and Moore (1990) uses a break point of 228.8 Hz, [15] and the cochlear frequency–place map of Greenwood (1990) uses 165.3 Hz.
millisecond: 10 −3 s: One thousandth of a second. Shortest time unit used on stopwatches. jiffy (electronics) ~ 10 −3 s: Used to measure the time between alternating power cycles. Also a casual term for a short period of time. centisecond: 10 −2 s: One hundredth of a second. decisecond: 10 −1 s: One tenth of a second. second: 1 s: SI ...
The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined the second as "the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom" [3] [4] and then adds: "It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the ...
2 milliseconds – Shift time for a modern Formula One car using a seamless-shift semi-automatic sequential transmission [6] 2.27 milliseconds – cycle time for pitch A440, the most commonly used pitch for tuning musical instruments; 3 milliseconds – a housefly's wing flap. Also the normative speed of sound (an issue in track and field)
If the filter shows amplitude ripple within the passband, the x dB point refers to the point where the gain is x dB below the nominal passband gain rather than x dB below the maximum gain. In signal processing and control theory the bandwidth is the frequency at which the closed-loop system gain drops 3 dB below peak.
When it is necessary to capture audio covering the entire 20–20,000 Hz range of human hearing [6] such as when recording music or many types of acoustic events, audio waveforms are typically sampled at 44.1 kHz , 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, or 96 kHz. [7] The approximately double-rate requirement is a consequence of the Nyquist theorem. Sampling rates ...