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Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts. [1] This type of memory is dependent upon three processes: acquisition, consolidation, and ...
Both implicit and explicit memory are types of long-term memory, which is defined by the transfer of information from short-term memory into long-term storage in order to create enduring memories.
The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) [1] [2] [3] suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. [4]
A flashcard or flash card is a card bearing information on both sides, usually intended to practice and/or aid memorization. It can be virtual (part of a flashcard software ) or physical. Typically, each flashcard bears a question or definition on one side and an answer or target term on the other.
The implicit association test is a testing method designed by Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGhee and Jordan Schwartz, and was first introduced in 1998. [2] The IAT measures the associative strength between categories (e.g. Bug, Flower) and attributes (e.g. Bad, Good) by having participants rapidly classify stimuli that represent the categories and attributes of interest on a computer. [3]
This enhancement continues into adolescence with major developments in short term memory, working memory, long-term memory and autobiographical memory. [ 21 ] Research on the development of memory has indicated that declarative, or explicit memory, may exist in infants who are even younger than two years old.
The Leitner system [1] [2] [3] is a widely used method of efficiently using flashcards that was proposed by the German science journalist Sebastian Leitner in 1972. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is a simple implementation of the principle of spaced repetition , where cards are reviewed at increasing intervals.
They are an ideal animal to use for the study of memory. The assessment of learning and memory in rodents has been employed in scientific research for a long time, and there are many experimental methods used. Generally tests of spatial memory employ maze designs where the rodent must run a maze in order to receive a food reward.