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X-rays are used to measure the lumbar curvature. On a lateral X-ray, a normal range of the lordotic curvature of between 20° and 60° has been proposed by Stagnara et al., as measured from the inferior endplate of T12 to the inferior endplate of L5. [18]
X-ray consists of a three view cervical x-ray series, adding a swimmer's view if the lateral doesn't include the C7/T1 interface. CT scan should be thin slices, ideally 1.5 mm or less. [9] It should include first thoracic vertebra. [10]
Thus when X-ray findings are normal but SCI is still suspected due to pain or SCI symptoms, CT or MRI scans are used. [89] CT gives greater detail than X-rays, but exposes the patient to more radiation, [91] and it still does not give images of the spinal cord or ligaments; MRI shows body structures in the greatest detail. [10]
Those with neck pain only without any positive neurological findings usually do not require an x-ray of the cervical spine. For those with chronic neck pain, a cervical spine x-ray may be indicated. There are various ways of doing cervical spine X-rays such as anteroposterior (AP) view, lateral view, Swimmer's view, and oblique view.
1. Cervical spine x-ray (lateral view) Once there is an onset of the symptoms in the patient, the patients are screened through cervical-spinal imaging techniques: X-ray, CT, MRI. The scanning technique points out any cervical vertebrae defects and misalignments. (Image 1. and 2.)
Normal lumbar vertebra showing large, round spinal canal. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings. [7] Some patients can have a narrowed canal without symptoms, and do not require therapy. [citation needed] The normal lumbar central canal has a midsagittal diameter (front to back) greater than 13 mm, with an area of 1.45 cm 2. Relative ...
The upper cervical spine has a curve, convex forward, that begins at the axis (second cervical vertebra) at the apex of the odontoid process or dens and ends at the middle of the second thoracic vertebra; it is the least marked of all the curves. This inward curve is known as a lordotic curve. A thoracic spine X-ray of a 57-year-old male.
Retrolistheses are most easily diagnosed on lateral x-ray views of the spine. Views where care has been taken to expose for a true lateral view without any rotation offer the best diagnostic quality. Retrolistheses are found most prominently in the cervical spine and lumbar region but can also be seen in the thoracic area.
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