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The cause is typically a bacterial infection and less commonly a fungal infection. [3] Risk factors include valvular heart disease including rheumatic disease, congenital heart disease, artificial valves, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, and electronic pacemakers. [5] The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci or staphylococci. [3]
However, if a heart valve is damaged, the bacteria can attach themselves to the valve, resulting in infective endocarditis. Additionally, in individuals with weakened immune systems, the concentration of bacteria in the blood can reach levels high enough to increase the probability that some will attach to the valve.
Alright, so to recap, endocarditis or inflammation of the endocardium typically develops from bacterial infection—usually in this case there’s first some damage or injury to the heart valves, which leads to thrombi which serves as a place for bacteria to adhere to and cause inflammation.
Dr. Davis emphasizes that valve damage is not only caused by poor dietary habits, explaining, “Diet is often talked about in connection to heart disease, but valve damage has different causes. A ...
The main cause of endothelial dysfunction is impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide. [ 1 ] In addition to acting as a semipermeable membrane , the endothelium is responsible for maintaining vascular tone and regulating oxidative stress by releasing mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin , and by controlling local ...
The heart is involved in about half of the cases. [1] Damage to the heart valves, known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD), usually occurs after repeated attacks but can sometimes occur after one. [1] The damaged valves may result in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves. [1]
Heart failure can be a complication of any condition that causes damage to your heart tissues, such as an infection, heart attack, or valve disorder. Heart failure is categorized by a measurement ...
Grossly, vegetations form along lines of valve closure and are generally symmetric with a smooth or verrucoid (warty) texture. Histologically, lesions are composed of fibrin [5] (eosinophilic) and platelets but, unlike bacterial etiologies, contain little evidence of PMNs, microorganisms or inflammation. [citation needed]
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