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Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144.
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, [nb 1] was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter and heir of Henry I, king of England and ruler of Normandy , she went to Germany as a child when she was married to the future Holy Roman Emperor ...
Early appearances by Stephen in fiction included the novels For King or Empress (1904) by C. W. Whistler and Armadin by Alfred Bowker (1908). [2] Stephen appeared in the 1921 novel The Fool by H. C. Bailey. [3] The 1958 novel To Keep This Oath by Hebe Weenolsen centres on the power struggle between Stephen and the future Henry II. [3]
Deeds of King Stephen or Acts of Stephen or Gesta Regis Stephani is a mid-12th-century English history by an anonymous author about King Stephen of England and his struggles with his cousin, Empress Matilda, also known as the "Empress Maud". It is one of the main sources for this period in the history of England.
During the course of the story, King Stephen, having been captured by Robert of Gloucester at the Battle of Lincoln (February 1141), is now imprisoned in Bristol by the Empress Maud. [6] The plot, which takes place in June 1141, also details the unsuccessful attempt by Maud and her brother Robert to have her crowned in London, where she took ...
In return for his help in repelling the king's troops, the countess's father compelled her husband to swear fealty to Empress Matilda, who was Earl Robert's half-sister. On 29 August 1146, Earl Ranulf was seized by King Stephen at court in Northampton. Stephen later granted him the castle and city of Lincoln sometime after 1151. [citation needed]
The Empress Matilda—"in great state", reported James Dixon Mackenzie [28] —evacuated to Oxford in 1141, [29] [note 3] making it her headquarters and setting up her Mint. [31] [note 4] Prior to her eviction from Westminster, she had made some political gains, having captured King Stephen and been recognised as "the Lady of the English". [35]
King Stephen and his knights were rapidly surrounded by the Angevin force. Then might you have seen a dreadful aspect of battle, on every quarter around the king's troop fire flashing from the meeting of swords and helmets – a dreadful crash, a terrific clamour – at which the hills re-echoed, the city walls resounded.