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The threshold values at the input to a logic gate determine whether a particular input is interpreted as a logic 0 or a logic 1 (e.g. anything less than 1 V is a logic 0, and anything above 3 V is a logic 1; in this example, the threshold values are 1 V and 3 V).
The lattice has vertex types (1 ⁄ 2)(3 3,4 2) + (1 ⁄ 2)(3,4,6,4), while the dual lattice has vertex types (1 ⁄ 15)(4 6)+(6 ⁄ 15)(4 2,5 2)+(2 ⁄ 15)(5 3)+(6 ⁄ 15)(5 2,4). The critical point is where the longer bonds (on both the lattice and dual lattice) have occupation probability p = 2 sin (π/18) = 0.347296... which is the bond ...
For site percolation on the square lattice, the value of p c is not known from analytic derivation but only via simulations of large lattices which provide the estimate p c = 0.59274621 ± 0.00000013. [7] A limit case for lattices in high dimensions is given by the Bethe lattice, whose threshold is at p c = 1 / z − 1 for a ...
When below the low threshold, the signal is low. When above the high threshold, the signal is high. Intermediate levels are undefined, resulting in highly implementation-specific circuit behavior. It is usual to allow some tolerance in the voltage levels used; for example, 0 to 2 volts might represent logic 0, and 3 to 5 volts logic 1.
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A particularly important instance arises in toxicology, where the model for the effect of a drug may be that there is zero effect for a dose below a critical or threshold value, while an effect of some significance exists above that value. [1] Certain types of regression model may include threshold effects. [1]
Random sample consensus (RANSAC) is an iterative method to estimate parameters of a mathematical model from a set of observed data that contains outliers, when outliers are to be accorded no influence [clarify] on the values of the estimates. Therefore, it also can be interpreted as an outlier detection method. [1]
Specify the function to be minimized, , the interval to be searched as {X 1,X 4}, and their functional values F 1 and F 4. Calculate an interior point and its functional value F 2. The two interval lengths are in the ratio c : r or r : c where r = φ − 1; and c = 1 − r, with φ being the golden ratio.