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Plants are also further protected from both abiotic and biotic stresses when plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are present. [8] Rhizobacteria are root-colonizing and non-pathogenic, and they form symbiotic relationships with plants that can elicit stress responsive pathways.
The products of fermentation can be processed in different ways, depending on the cellular conditions. Lactic acid tends to accumulate in the muscles, which causes pain in the muscle and joint as well as fatigue. [13] It also creates a gradient which induces water to flow out of cells and increases blood pressure. [14]
Plant perception is the ability of plants to sense and respond to the environment by adjusting their morphology and physiology. [1] Botanical research has revealed that plants are capable of reacting to a broad range of stimuli, including chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, parasite infestation, disease, physical disruption ...
identify and remove foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by specialized white blood cells activate the adaptive immune system through antigen presentation act as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents; via physical measures such as skin and mucus, and chemical measures such as clotting factors and host ...
The aerobic energy pathway is the third and slowest ATP producing pathway that is oxygen dependent. This energy pathway typically supplies the bulk of the body's energy during exercise—after three minutes from the onset of exercise until the end, or when the individual experiences fatigue.
Another change to the lactic acid hypothesis is that when sodium lactate is inside of the body, there is a higher period of exhaustion in the host after a period of exercise. [22] Lactate fermentation is important to muscle cell physiology. When muscle cells are undergoing intense activity, like sprinting, they need energy quickly.
Primary metabolism in a plant comprises all metabolic pathways that are essential to the plant's survival. Primary metabolites are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant whereas secondary metabolites are compounds produced in other metabolic pathways that, although important, are not essential to the functioning of the plant.
Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.